Vocabulaire Plasturgie

Vendredi 21 novembre 2008 5 21 /11 /Nov /2008 13:00

Vocabulaire Plasturgie

Un bonne outil pour améliorer sa prononciation.

Barrel
The part of the moulding press where resin is melted.
Fût / Tonneau
La pièce de la presse de bâti où la résine est fondue.

Bead blasting
Using abrasives in a pressurized air blast to create a surface texture on the part.
Jet de Perles
Utilisant des abrasifs dans un jet d'air pressurisé pour créer une texture extérieure sur la cloison.

Bevel : see chamfer (voir chanfrein)

Blush
Cosmetic blemish at the point of injection in the finished part
Rougir
Défaut cosmétique au moment de l'injection dans la cloison.

Boss
A cylindrical protrusion within a part, often designed to accept fasteners.
Bossage
Protusion d'un cylindre dans la pièce, souvent conçue pour recervoir un hélicoil (plus autorisé aujourd'hui)

Bridge tool
A temporary or interim mould made for the purpose of making production parts until a high-volume production mould is ready.
Outil "pont"
Un moule provisoire ou intémédiaire réalisé afin de faire la production partie jusqu'à ce qu'un moule à fort débit de production soit prêt.

B-Side core
The mould half that mounts to the moving side of the injection moulding press. Sometimes referred to as the core side of the mould, the B-side has ejector pins to push the part out of the open mould. An analysis of the part geometry determines the optimal part orientation to ensure that it will remain on the B-side when the mould is opened.
Coté B - Noyau
La moitié de moule qui est monté du côté mobile de la presse au bâti d'injection. Parfois visé comme le "côté noyau" du moule, le côté B a des goupilles d'éjecteur pour pousser la pièce hors du moule lorsqu'il est ouvert. Une analyse de la géométrie détermine l'orientation optimale dans cette partie de la pièce pour s'assurer qu'elle demeurera sur le côté B quand le moule s'ouvre,

A-side Cavity
A concave feature on either side of the mould into which an opposing core enters when the mould is closed. The void between the cavity and core is where the resin solidifies and forms the part. Often the A-side of a mould is referred to as the cavity side, and in the case of a part like a drinking cup, the entire A-side will be a cavity.
Coté A - Cavité
Fonction concave sur l'un ou l'autre coté du moule dans lequel un noyau en opposition entre quand le moule est fermé. Un vide entre la cavité et le noyau est le lieu où la résine se solidifie et forme la cloison, la paroi. Souvent le coté A d'un moule désigné sous ce nom pour le côté des cavités et dans le cas d'une partie en forme de tasse , le coté A sera une cavité entière.

Chamfer
Also known as a bevel, it is a flat truncated corner.
Chanfrein
Un coin ou une arête tronquée

Clamp force
The force required to hold the mould shut so resin cannot escape during injection.
Bridage
Une force est requise pour tenir solidement le moule fermé et empêcher que la résine s'échappe durant l'injection

Core
A convex feature on either side of the mould that will enter an opposing cavity when the mould is closed. The void between the cavity and core is where the resin solidifies and forms the part. Often the B-side of a mould is referred to as the core side, and in the case of a part like a drinking cup, the entire B-side will be a core.
Coté B - Noyau
Fonction convexe sur l'un ou l'autre coté du moule qui sera en opposition à la cavité quand le moule est fermé. Un vide entre la cavité et le noyau est le lieu où la résine se solidifie et forme la cloison, la paroi. Souvent le coté B d'un moule désigné sous ce nom pour le côté des Noyaux et dans le cas d'une partie en forme de tasse , le coté B sera un noyau.

Core Cavity
The design of a mould where the A-side forms the outside of the part and the B-side forms the inside. The advantage to this approach is that the part will shrink onto the B-side so it can be ejected, and if the inside and outside are drafted with equal and opposite draft the wall thickness will be constant.
Cycle time
The time it takes to make one part including the closing of the mould, the injection of the resin, the solidification of the part, the opening of the mould and the ejection of the part.
Temps de cycle
C'est le temps prévu pour fermer le moule, injecter la résine, elle se solidifie, le moule s'ouvre et la pièce est éjectée.

Direction of pull
Refers to the motion of a part surface relative to a mould.
Retractation
Se rapporte au mouvement d'une surface de pièce relativement à un moule.

Draft	The taper of features in the direction of pull. It allows deeper features to be produced in three-axis milling machines and it also helps parts release from the mould during ejection.
Dépouille

Drying of plastics	Many plastics absorb water and must be dried prior to injection moulding to ensure good cosmetics and material characteristics.


Durometer	A measure of the hardness of a resin. It is measured on a numeric scale with numbers ranging from lower (i.e. softer) to higher (i.e. harder).


Edge gate	An injection method that uses a gate on the parting line of the mould. It typically leaves a vestige on the outside of the part and is sometimes referred to as a tab gate.


Ejection	The process of pushing a completed part out of a mould.
Ejection	Procédure d'extraction de la pièce complète hors du moule.

Ejector pins	Steel pins incorporated into the B-side of a mould that push out the plastic part.
Goupille d'ejecteur	goupille métallique incorporéeau côté B du moule qui pousse la pièce au dehors

End mill	A cutting tool that is used to machine a mould.
borne d'usinage	Un outil de coupe qui est utilisé pour usiner un moule.

ESD	Stands for “electro static discharge”, an electrical effect that may necessitate shielding in some applications. Some special grades of plastic are electrically conductive or dissipative and help prevent ESD.

Flame retardant	A resin formulated to resist burning.

Flash	Excess plastic that flows into the parting line of the mould beyond the edges of a part and freezes to form a thin, sheet-like protrusion from the part.
Bavure	Plastique excessif qui coule dans la ligne médiane au bord du moule autour de la pièce et se solidifie pour former une peau mince

Flow marks	Visible indications on the finished part that indicate the flow of plastic within the mould prior to solidification.
marque de coulure	traces visibles sur la pièce finie qui indiquent l'écoulement du plastique dans le moule avant la solidification.

Food grade	Resins or mould release spray that are approved for use in the manufacture of parts that will contact food in their application.

Gate
GF	Stands for “glass filled”, it refers to a resin with glass fibers mixed into it. Glass filled resins are much stronger and more rigid than the corresponding unfilled resin, but also more brittle. Resins can also be filled with carbon fiber, stainless steel, etc. In general, filled resins can be very susceptible to warp.
Gusset	A triangular rib that reinforces areas such as a wall to a floor or a boss to a floor.

Hot tip gate	An injection moulding method that uses a heated gate on the A-side of the part to eliminate the creation of any runner or sprue. The gate vestige will be a small sharp bump that can be trimmed if necessary

Jetting	Flow marks caused by the resin entering a mould at high speed, typically occurring near a gate.

Knit lines	Visible indications in a finished part, formed by the intersection of two hot plastic fronts. They are always formed downstream of through - holes and between multiple gates. They are also known as weld lines.
Lignes de soudure	traces visibles sur la pièce finie formées par la réunion de deux faces chaudes. Elle sont toujours formées en aval du croisement - trous et entre les portes multiples. Voir weld lines


Living hinge	Very thin section of plastic used to connect two parts and keep them together while allowing them to open and close. They require careful design and gate placement. A typical application would be the top and bottom of a box.

Medical grade	Resin that may be suitable for use in certain medical applications.
Metal safe	A change to the part design that requires only the removal of metal to produce the desired geometry. Typically most important when a part design is changed after the mould has been manufactured, because then the mould can be modified rather than entirely re-machined. It is also commonly called "steel safe".
Mould release spray	A liquid applied to the mould as a spray to facilitate the ejection of parts from the B-side. It is typically used when the parts are difficult to eject because they are sticking to the mould.
Multi-cavity mould	A mould with multiple copies of the same part, typically used to reduce piece-part pricing for higher volume runs.

Nozzle	The tapered fitting on the end of the barrel of the injection moulding press where the resin enters the sprue.

Packing	The practice of using increased pressure when injecting a part to force more plastic into the mould. This is often used to combat sink or fill problems, but also increases the likelihood of flash and may cause the part to stick in to the mould.
Parasolid	A file format for exchanging CAD data.
Parting line	The location where the pieces of a mould come together. Typically a thin line is created on the part here.
Post gate	An injection method that injects plastic through an ejector pin hole. This gating technique leaves a gate vestige on the B-side of the part where it can often be less visible for cosmetic purposes. There is often gate blush opposite a post gate.
Press	The injection moulding machine that makes the plastic parts. It holds the mould closed, melts the resin, injects it into the mould, opens the mould and ejects the part.
Process	The injection moulding environment consisting of input variables such as temperature, pressure, injection rates and time that are controlled to fill the mould while optimizing the tradeoffs between cosmetics and dimensional accuracy.

Radiused	An edge or vertex that has been rounded. Typically this occurs on part geometries as a natural result of the Protomold milling process.
Recess	An indentation in the plastic part caused by the impact of the ejector pins.
Reinforced resin	Refers to base resins with fillers added for strength. They are particularly susceptible to warp because the fiber orientation tends to follow flow lines, resulting in asymmetric stresses. Typically these resins are harder and stronger but also more brittle (i.e. less tough).
Resin	Synonymous with “plastic” as far as injection moulding is concerned.
Rib	A reinforcing member of a moulded part.
Runner	A channel machined into the mould that directs the resin from sprue to the gate.

Screw	The mechanical feature inside the barrel that forces the resin out the nozzle.
Shear	The force between layers of resin as they slide against each other or the surface of the mould. The resulting friction causes some heating of the resin.
Short shot	A part that wasn't completely filled with resin, causing short or missing features.
Shrink	The change in size of the part during solidification, typically anticipated based on published material property data and built into the mould design prior to machining.
Shutoff	The surfaces where the A-side and B-side of the mould contact. The shutoff meets the part at the parting line.
Side action	A sliding cam arrangement within the mould that allows for the moulding of parts with undercuts. The undercut-creating mould face is held in place during the injection process and then slides out of the way prior to ejection.
Sink	Undesired depressions in the surface of a part that are caused by the shrinking of resin as it solidifies. Sink is most common in thick sections of a part.
Splay	Discoloured visible streaks in the part, typically caused by moisture in the resin.
Sprue	The route the resin takes from the point where it enters the mould until it reaches the runner(s). When solidified, it remains attached to the part via one or more runners and is typically removed in finishing.
Steel safe	See “metal safe”.
STEP	Stands for "Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data”. It is a common format for exchanging CAD data.
Sticking	A problem during the ejection phase of moulding, where a part becomes lodged in one or the other half of the mould, making removal difficult. This is a common issue when the part is not designed with sufficient draft.
STL	Originally stood for “STereoLithography”. It is a common format for transmitting CAD data to rapid prototyping machines and is not suitable for rapid injection moulding.
Straight pull mould	A mould without side actions. It is less expensive than a comparable mould with side actions.

Tab gate	See “edge gate”.
Telescoping shutoff	An area within a mould where metal slides along metal, usually creating a hole in the part. A three degree draft angle is required on any related part surfaces.
Texture	A surface treatment applied to the mould to create texture on the parts. Protomold offers polished, sanded and bead-blasted textures.
Tunnel gate	An injection method that uses a small gate located off the parting line in one of the mould halves. It leaves a vestige a short distance from the parting line of the part.

Undercut	A portion of the part geometry that would prevent the part from being ejected from a straight-pull mould without a portion of the mould passing through (and destroying) the part. The simplest example of an undercut feature on a part would be a through-hole aligned perpendicular to the direction of part ejection.

Vents	A very small (e.g. 0.001” – 0.005”) opening in the mould cavity, typically at the shutoff surface or via an ejector pin tunnel, that is used to let air escape from a mould while the resin is injected.
Vestige	A visible mark created by the manual process of finishing parts when the gate is trimmed. Ejector pins also may leave a vestige where they impact the part (also see “recess”).

Warp -	The curving or bending of parts that typically occurs after ejection as the part cools. Warp is often caused by glass filled resins.
Weld lines	See “knit lines”.
Lignes de soudure

Wireframe	A type of CAD model consisting only of lines and curves, in 2D or 3D. Wirefame models are not suitable for rapid injection moulding.

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